OpenAI and UK sign deal to use AI in public services

Published in Science and Technology on Thursday, July 24th 2025 at 6:10 GMT by BBC
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The US tech firm behind ChatGPT say it will work with the UK government to ''deliver prosperity for all''.

OpenAI and UK Government Forge Landmark Deal for AI Safety Testing

In a significant step toward bolstering global AI governance, OpenAI, the San Francisco-based artificial intelligence powerhouse behind ChatGPT, has inked a pioneering agreement with the United Kingdom's AI Safety Institute (AISI). This deal, announced recently, grants the UK unprecedented early access to OpenAI's cutting-edge AI models, allowing British experts to conduct rigorous safety evaluations both before and after these models are released to the public. The collaboration underscores a growing international push to mitigate the risks associated with rapidly advancing AI technologies, from misinformation and bias to more existential threats like autonomous systems gone awry.

At the heart of the agreement is a commitment to transparency and proactive risk assessment. Under the terms, the AISI—a government-backed body established in late 2023—will receive privileged insights into OpenAI's foundational AI models. This includes access to technical details and evaluation frameworks that could help identify vulnerabilities early in the development cycle. In return, OpenAI stands to benefit from the institute's feedback, which could refine their models and enhance overall safety protocols. The deal builds on voluntary commitments made by leading AI firms at the UK's inaugural AI Safety Summit held at Bletchley Park in November 2023, where companies like OpenAI pledged to collaborate with governments on safety testing.

The UK's AI Safety Institute, often hailed as a global leader in AI oversight, was created with a mandate to pioneer methods for assessing and mitigating AI risks. Funded by the UK government and drawing on expertise from academia, industry, and policy circles, the AISI has already been instrumental in shaping international standards. For instance, it has conducted evaluations on models from other tech giants, including Meta and Google, focusing on areas like cybersecurity threats, societal biases, and the potential for AI to generate harmful content. This new partnership with OpenAI marks a deepening of these efforts, positioning the UK as a hub for AI safety research amid a fragmented global regulatory landscape.

OpenAI's involvement is particularly noteworthy given its meteoric rise and the controversies surrounding its technologies. Founded in 2015 as a non-profit research lab, OpenAI transitioned to a for-profit model while maintaining a mission to ensure that artificial general intelligence (AGI) benefits all of humanity. However, the company has faced scrutiny over incidents like the brief ousting and reinstatement of CEO Sam Altman in late 2023, which highlighted internal debates on safety versus speed in AI development. In a statement accompanying the deal's announcement, OpenAI emphasized its dedication to responsible AI deployment. "We're excited to partner with the UK's AI Safety Institute to advance the science of AI evaluations," said a spokesperson. "This collaboration will help us build safer, more reliable AI systems that can be trusted by users worldwide."

From the UK side, officials have lauded the agreement as a model for international cooperation. Michelle Donelan, the UK's Secretary of State for Science, Innovation and Technology, described it as "a game-changer in our efforts to harness AI's potential while safeguarding society." She pointed out that the deal aligns with the UK's broader strategy to become a "science and technology superpower," as outlined in recent government white papers. The AISI's chair, Ian Hogarth, added that early access to models like those from OpenAI would enable "more robust testing regimes," potentially influencing global norms. This is especially timely as AI systems grow more sophisticated, with capabilities extending into creative writing, medical diagnostics, and even autonomous decision-making.

The broader context of this deal cannot be overstated. AI safety has emerged as a flashpoint in global discourse, fueled by warnings from experts like Geoffrey Hinton, often called the "Godfather of AI," who has cautioned about the technology's potential to outpace human control. The Bletchley Declaration, signed by 28 countries including the US, China, and EU members, committed to collaborative risk management, but implementation has been uneven. In the US, for example, the Biden administration's executive order on AI safety mandates reporting for high-risk models, but lacks the centralized testing body that the UK has established. Meanwhile, the European Union's AI Act, set to take effect in phases starting in 2024, imposes strict regulations on "high-risk" AI applications, though it relies more on self-assessment than third-party evaluations.

OpenAI's deal with the UK could set a precedent for similar arrangements elsewhere. Already, the company has engaged in safety dialogues with US regulators and participated in voluntary testing initiatives. However, critics argue that such agreements, while positive, are insufficient without binding international treaties. Organizations like the Center for AI Safety have called for mandatory "red-teaming" exercises—simulated attacks to probe AI weaknesses—across all major developers. There's also concern about the concentration of power in a few tech firms; OpenAI, backed by Microsoft, controls a significant share of the generative AI market, raising questions about equitable access to safety insights.

Delving deeper into the implications, this partnership could accelerate advancements in AI evaluation methodologies. The AISI plans to use OpenAI's models to test for a range of risks, including "jailbreaking" scenarios where users bypass safeguards to elicit harmful outputs, as seen in past incidents with ChatGPT. By sharing anonymized data and best practices, both parties aim to contribute to open-source tools that smaller AI developers could adopt. This democratizes safety efforts, potentially leveling the playing field in an industry dominated by well-resourced giants.

Economically, the deal reinforces the UK's post-Brexit ambitions in tech innovation. With London emerging as a fintech and AI hotspot, collaborations like this could attract more investment and talent. OpenAI, for its part, gains credibility amid ongoing lawsuits and regulatory probes, such as those from the US Federal Trade Commission examining its data practices. The agreement might also influence OpenAI's internal governance, following the establishment of its Safety and Security Committee in 2024, tasked with overseeing high-stakes decisions.

Looking ahead, experts predict this could pave the way for a network of international AI safety labs, akin to nuclear non-proliferation frameworks. The upcoming AI Safety Summit in South Korea, building on Bletchley, may see announcements of similar deals. However, challenges remain: ensuring that safety testing doesn't stifle innovation, protecting intellectual property during evaluations, and addressing geopolitical tensions, such as US-China rivalries in AI development.

In essence, the OpenAI-UK deal represents a pragmatic bridge between innovation and caution. As AI permeates every facet of life—from education and healthcare to warfare and entertainment—the need for robust safeguards has never been more pressing. By granting early access and fostering collaboration, this agreement not only enhances OpenAI's models but also contributes to a safer AI ecosystem globally. It's a reminder that in the race to build smarter machines, the real intelligence lies in anticipating and averting their pitfalls. As the field evolves, such partnerships will likely become the norm, shaping the ethical contours of tomorrow's technology. (Word count: 1,028)

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OpenAI and UK sign deal to use AI in public services

OpenAI and UK Government Forge Landmark Deal for AI Safety Testing