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Religious Authorities Urged To Develop Shariah Guidelines For AI Use

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Islamic Scholars and Governments Urge Creation of Shariah‑Guided Framework for Artificial Intelligence

The explosive growth of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies has raised a host of ethical, social, and legal concerns worldwide. In the Muslim world, a growing chorus of religious authorities, legal scholars, and policy makers are calling for a set of Shariah‑compliant guidelines that would steer the design, deployment, and use of AI systems in ways that align with Islamic principles. The plea, which has gained traction across multiple countries, stresses that AI must be regulated not only by secular law but also by a robust framework of religious ethics that protects the dignity of humans, upholds justice, and safeguards societal harmony.


Why Shariah Guidelines Are Needed

AI systems—from language models to facial‑recognition algorithms—have already begun to influence everyday life. They power content recommendation engines on social media, automate decision‑making in finance and healthcare, and increasingly govern aspects of law and governance. But the same power can be misused: biases embedded in training data can amplify discrimination; algorithms that determine creditworthiness or job suitability can reinforce existing inequalities; and autonomous weapons raise profound moral questions about the sanctity of life.

In the Islamic tradition, the concept of Shariah—the divine law derived from the Qur’an, Sunnah, Ijma (consensus), and Qiyas (analogical reasoning)—provides a comprehensive moral framework that governs personal conduct, social interactions, and public policy. It is widely believed that any technology or innovation that may impact society should be examined through a Shariah lens. This perspective has been echoed in recent scholarly writings and official statements, particularly as AI’s influence permeates domains such as finance (e.g., Islamic fintech), media, and governance.


Key Messages from Islamic Bodies

1. The Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI)

The Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI) issued a statement calling for the formulation of a national Shariah guideline for AI that would be integrated into Indonesia’s existing technology regulation framework. MUI stressed that any AI system used in public life—especially those affecting civil liberties—must be assessed for compliance with the core Shariah values of tawhid (monotheism), ihsan (excellence and benevolence), and mashari’a (social welfare). The council’s guidance also emphasized that AI should not be used for activities that violate the Qur’anic prohibition on haram content, such as sexual exploitation or the spread of falsehood.

2. The Global Islamic Forum for Ethics and Technology (GIFT)

The Global Islamic Forum for Ethics and Technology (GIFT), a coalition of scholars and technologists, has advocated for a more systematic approach to Islamic AI ethics. GIFT released a white paper that outlines a set of principles, including: (a) Kalimah al‑Musharaka (collaborative deliberation), (b) ‘Adl (justice), (c) Maqasid al‑Shariah (objectives of Shariah) such as darurah (necessity) and ru’yat al‑‘adalah (benefit), and (d) Sabr (patience) in addressing emergent problems. GIFT urges policymakers to adopt a multi‑layered regulatory framework: an international standard, a national code, and a local compliance board that includes Shariah scholars.

3. Malaysia’s Islamic Development Department (JAKIM)

Malaysia’s Jabatan Kemajuan Islam Malaysia (JAKIM) announced that it will convene a technical committee to develop Shariah guidelines for AI, particularly focusing on AI used in halal industries, such as finance and food processing. The committee aims to ensure that AI does not compromise the authenticity of halal products or violate consumer rights, thereby protecting consumer trust in Malaysia’s halal certification system.

4. Saudi Arabia’s Council of Senior Scholars

The Council of Senior Scholars in Saudi Arabia has called for a national AI regulatory framework that incorporates Shariah principles. They emphasize the importance of preventing kufr (unbelief) or shirk (associating partners with God) in algorithmic decision‑making. The council proposes a model of Islamic AI Auditing, where algorithms are regularly examined for compliance with fara’id (moral imperatives) and haram prohibitions.


Core Ethical Concerns Addressed

  1. Privacy and Consent
    Islam places a high value on hifz al‑hujja (protecting one's privacy). AI systems that mine personal data without consent run afoul of this principle. Scholars argue for mandatory opt‑in frameworks and robust anonymization protocols.

  2. Discrimination and Bias
    The Qur’an condemns unjust discrimination. The presence of algorithmic bias—whether racial, gender, or socioeconomic—conflicts with the concept of ‘adl (justice). Guidelines must require transparent audit trails and the elimination of biased datasets.

  3. Transparency and Accountability
    Al‑mashru (cooperation) and khilafah (representatives) dictate that leaders are accountable to the community. Likewise, AI systems should be explainable so that users and regulators can understand how decisions are made. This aligns with the Islamic ethic of tadabbur (reflection).

  4. Ethical Use of Knowledge
    Knowledge (ilm) is a trust (amana) from God. Therefore, its use must serve the common good. AI must not be employed to facilitate haram activities, such as fraud, deception, or manipulation.

  5. Human Dignity
    The Qur’an says: “We have honored the children of Adam” (49:13). AI must preserve human dignity, avoiding dehumanization, surveillance that violates karam (respect), or commodification of human traits.


Practical Steps for Implementation

  • Institutional Bodies: Form national AI ethics committees that include Shariah scholars, technologists, and civil society representatives.

  • Certification and Auditing: Establish a halal‑certification process for AI products, similar to halal food certification, ensuring compliance with Shariah guidelines.

  • Education and Training: Offer courses in Islamic AI ethics for developers, data scientists, and policymakers.

  • International Cooperation: Align local guidelines with global initiatives (e.g., IEEE, EU AI Act) while preserving the unique Shariah perspective.

  • Public Engagement: Conduct public consultations to gather input from diverse Muslim communities, ensuring that the guidelines reflect the pluralistic nature of the Muslim world.


Global Implications

The call for Shariah‑based AI guidelines is more than a religious exercise; it represents a broader movement toward ethical technology governance. By framing AI ethics within a moral tradition that emphasizes justice, human dignity, and communal welfare, Islamic scholars offer a nuanced perspective that can complement secular regulatory frameworks. As AI continues to permeate everyday life, such integrative approaches may help mitigate risks, protect vulnerable groups, and foster trust in technology.

In conclusion, the initiative led by Muslim authorities signals an urgent need for a holistic, ethically grounded regulatory ecosystem that respects both divine principles and human rights. The coming years will likely witness the formalization of these guidelines, setting a precedent for faith‑informed technology governance worldwide.


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