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AI Risks Widening Inequality in India, Warns Kant

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  Published in Science and Technology on Thursday, February 26th 2026 at 10:14 GMT by ThePrint
      Locale: N/A, INDIA

New Delhi, February 26th, 2026 - The relentless march of Artificial Intelligence (AI) continues to reshape the global landscape, offering unprecedented opportunities for economic growth and societal progress. However, a crucial question looms large: will this technological revolution be a force for inclusion or a catalyst for escalating inequalities? Amitabh Kant, former CEO of NITI Aayog, issued a stark warning today, emphasizing that without careful planning and a dedicated focus on societal benefit, AI risks dramatically widening the existing socio-economic gaps within India.

Speaking at a recent panel discussion hosted by ThePrint, Kant articulated a growing concern shared by experts worldwide - the potential for AI to create a "digital divide" far more profound than any previously experienced. While AI promises automation, increased efficiency, and novel solutions across sectors like healthcare, agriculture, and education, these benefits will remain inaccessible to a significant portion of the population without deliberate intervention.

Kant's central argument isn't that AI is inherently negative, but rather that its deployment necessitates a proactive and equitable approach. If AI development and implementation are driven solely by profit motives, the benefits will likely accrue to those already possessing economic and social capital, leaving the most vulnerable populations further behind. This is not merely a hypothetical risk; current trends suggest a concentration of AI expertise and resources within a small segment of the population and a handful of powerful corporations.

"The challenge isn't stopping AI, but shaping its trajectory," Kant stated. "We must prioritize using AI to empower the bottom 60-70 percent of the population. Failing to do so will not only exacerbate inequality but also stifle India's overall growth potential." He highlighted that simply having access to AI-powered tools isn't enough. True empowerment requires equipping citizens with the skills to use those tools effectively.

The Skills Imperative: Bridging the AI Literacy Gap

Kant's remarks underscored the urgent need for large-scale skills development and reskilling initiatives. The traditional education system, while undergoing reform, is struggling to keep pace with the rapidly evolving demands of the AI-driven job market. Millions of Indians, particularly those in rural areas and marginalized communities, lack the basic digital literacy required to participate in even entry-level AI-related roles.

Several pilot programs across India are attempting to address this deficit. The "AI Shiksha" initiative in Kerala, for example, provides free online courses in AI fundamentals and programming to students and working professionals. Similarly, the "Digital Saakshar" program in Rajasthan focuses on building digital literacy among women and farmers. However, these efforts are fragmented and underfunded, falling far short of the scale required to address the nationwide skills gap. A nationwide, coordinated reskilling programme, coupled with accessible digital infrastructure, is vital.

Government Policy and Ethical AI Deployment

The role of government policy is also paramount. Experts are advocating for regulatory frameworks that promote responsible AI development, ensure data privacy, and prevent algorithmic bias. Algorithmic bias, where AI systems perpetuate and amplify existing societal prejudices, is a particularly pressing concern. Without robust oversight, AI-powered loan applications, hiring processes, or even criminal justice systems could unfairly disadvantage already marginalized groups.

The Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) has been drafting an "AI Ethics Framework" for several months, but its implementation has been slow. Critics argue that the framework lacks teeth and fails to address key issues such as accountability and transparency. There's a growing call for an independent AI oversight body with the authority to audit algorithms and enforce ethical standards.

Beyond Skills and Policy: AI for Social Good

Beyond skills development and regulatory frameworks, a fundamental shift in mindset is needed. AI should not be viewed solely as a tool for economic optimization but also as a powerful instrument for social good. This requires prioritizing AI applications that address critical societal challenges such as poverty, healthcare access, and climate change. For example, AI-powered diagnostic tools could improve healthcare access in remote areas, while AI-driven precision agriculture techniques could enhance crop yields and reduce water consumption.

"The potential for AI to transform India is immense," Kant concluded. "But realizing that potential requires a commitment to inclusive growth, equitable access, and a relentless focus on using AI to build a more sustainable and just society. If we fail to do so, we risk creating a future where the benefits of AI are enjoyed by a privileged few, while the vast majority are left behind." The coming years will be crucial in determining whether India can harness the transformative power of AI while mitigating its risks and ensuring a more equitable future for all its citizens.